Personal aspect management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal aspect management - Essay Example In the organizational context, influencing implies commitment to the desired result enough to spend needed energy to achieve it. The concept of influencing is connected with commitment defined as a state of being in which employees become bound to a particular actions by a belief system that sustains those actions and their own involvement. In many situations (conflicts, disputes and decision-making) influencing is important as an instrument to achieve some preconceived state or desire (Fabian 54). It arises out of a felt need (important enough to cause use of energy) and a mechanism (the control over resources needed by others) that allows for possible improvement of that need. According to Beardwell et al (2001) the power sources include legitimate, expert, reward, coercive, referent. These sources of power are intentional and instrumental in its use. Leaders and managers activate them only as they value the possible outcome sufficiently to expend needed energy in power action. The process of persuading employees is based on argumentation and reasoning. Persuading process can be explained as a relationship in which an employee independently weighs reasons another person. Armstrong (2001) underlines that persuading is central to man's continuing concern for administration and organization. How people organize and relate to each other to get planned goals accomplished is central to organization and administrative theory. The overreaching problem of organization life is securing follower compliance. This compliance comes without losing the long-term amicable relationship between the person desiring compliance and the person whose behavior change we seek. And this must be done with an eye on conserving scarce resources. Influencing and persuading allows management to guide employees and customers, their actions and preferences (Austin, Pinkleton 38). Influence and persuasion are commonly exhibited through orders the managers issue to someone subordinate to them. They can be seen as coercive resource employees get by virtue of authority grants from those above and below us in the social structure. It is often logical, reasoned, legitimate, and systematic in its application and use (Barham, Conway 45). A number of studies have demonstrated that situational factors moderate the attitude-behavior relationship. Individuals differ profoundly in their use of persuasive message strategies. Certain people consistently employ manipulation and deceit, whereas others eschew these tactics. Some people use emotional appeals, whereas others resort to threat. Research has examined individual differences in compliance-gaining attempts to determine the impact that personality and demographic factors exert on message strategy selection. First, participants in the various studies are probably more mindful and self-conscious about their message strategy selections than are communicators in the real world By asking respondents to respond to a series of hypothetical scenarios or to construct a persuasive message, researchers found that respondents reflected on their persuasion behavior (Hannagan 49-52). In the workplace, supervisors who clearly identify the performance expectations of their subordinates and inform them of their degree of conformance to the stated requirements may be providing their subordinates with feelings of control and reducing their feelings of uncertainty. Employees who know that they are acting

Should the animals be used for scientific research Is it humanly Essay - 1

Should the animals be used for scientific research Is it humanly - Essay Example My claim is based on the fact that I am a person of high moral standing and as a specialist in bio-medicine I understand the challenge of using human beings for certain tests. I believe that animals have rights which should be respected much like human rights should. This in effect means that I am against the use or misuse of animals in some ways. Since the issue of animal experimentation is an issue of great concern, my audience comprises politicians, medical experts, animal rights activists, those who view animals as an exploitable resource, and those who have no idea about the subject. It is believed that each year over 50 million animals are used for research world wide. Some people have argued that this goes against animal rights as testing causes pain to the animals. However, this claim is in whole a generalization. One only needs to consider the developments that have been achieved in medicine today to realize how important animal testing is to human kind. Modern societies have developed regulations that govern the use of animals for experimentation. One such regulation is Britain’s Cruelty to Animals Act (1876). Some of the requirements are concerned with the minimization of pain and other unsuitable effects to the animal being used for a test. Claude Bernard (125), the prince of vivesectors himself stated that animal testing is exclusively for the â€Å"hygiene† and â€Å"toxicology† of man. Many people have claimed that animals have their moral rights. For example, Tom Regan believes that animals have self consciousness, desires and beliefs and are therefore beings. These beings have inherent value and therefore rights that must be respected (Singer 346). However, Regan also states that to save human lives, killing animals is allowed. Animal testing is carried out as a measure to preserve or protect the human being from harm. This is more clearly understood by asking; how many